FORMAL AND INFORMAL LOGIC IN THE SPOD АND VUCA WORLDS

Abstract

The article deals with the formation and development of classical, nonclassical, informal logic and argumentation theory in the context of concepts SPOD and VUCA world. It has been established that modern formal logic (classical and non-classical) can act as a model of both SPOD world and VUCA world. It has been found that the means of classical logic, primarily the fundamental principle of twovalued, allow us to describe the SPOD world with its steady, predictable, ordinary and definite. It has been revealed that the theories of non-classical logic, in particular many-valued and modal, already provide opportunities to describe the VUCA world with its variability, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity. It has been determined that the progress of informal logic and argumentation theory in the second half of the 20th century witness the transition from SPOD to the VUCA world, although at that time these acronyms had not yet been introduced.
The article demonstrates that the development of new approaches within the limits of logical knowledge in this period was due to two interconnected factors: requests from the educational environment for new courses that would provide tools for analyzing arguments from various areas, and increased attention to leadership in new conditions, because managers must possess critical thinking skills that allow to minimize risks in situations of the VUCA world. It has been established that the technique of critical questions is a significant achievement of informal logic and, more broadly, modern argumentation theory, which allows not only to evaluate the arguments of arguers, but also to check one’s own for possible charges on their part.