CHARITY AS A MANIFESTATION OF ALTRUISM IN THE CONTEXT OF THE HUMANITARIAN CRISIS IN UKRAINE

Abstract

The article identifies the characteristic features and peculiarities of the humanitarian crisis in Ukraine. The author establishes that moral values and principles become extremely important in times of crisis, since the negative experience that a person goes through in a crisis period changes the personality and meaning of his or her life, and thus values. In times of upheaval, the issue of charity is particularly relevant and requires socio-philosophical reflection. The article studies the transformation of ideas about charity in the etymological context and analyses historical types of charity (ancient, Christian and modern). The author presents the Ukrainian traditions of charity, which date back to the times of Kyivan Rus and the Hetmanate, notes the Soviet era, when Ukrainian charity was forced to be suppressed, and the new wave of charity development in the times of Ukraine's proclaimed independence. The author proposes the newest historical type of charity, which should be associated with effective altruism. It is determined that this type of charity is a continuation of the modern type with new characteristic features of rationalisation of charitable activities, use of scientific achievements, intensive institutionalised, anonymous, professional philanthropy, which aims to solve not only individual and local social problems, but also global civilisation challenges. The author presents the legal regulation of charitable activities in Ukraine; analyses the processes of charity institutionalisation.