SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS OF THE FORMATION OF THE JUST WAR CONCEPT: FROM PAST TO PRESENT

Abstract

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the sociocultural factors contributing to the formation of the concept of a just war across various historical periods. A historical-philosophical reconstruction of the development of perceptions of just war from antiquity to the present is carried out, highlighting the main cultural and ideological contexts that influenced the formation of this concept. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the role of moral, religious, and political factors in shaping perceptions of the permissibility of armed violence.
The study explores the cultural foundations of the ancient tradition, where war was perceived not only as a necessity but as a form of moral realization of the individual. The heroic epic of ancient Greece and the Roman tradition of imperial stability shaped the understanding of war as a tool for harmony and stability. In the medieval Western Christian culture, war acquired a sacred dimension, becoming a form of spiritual accomplishment and a means of defending the faith.
Special attention is given to the modern Ukrainian context, where the struggle for independence and state protection has gained moral justification through the symbolic structures of the national narrative. The analysis shows how cultural codes and symbols of national identity contribute to the legitimization of armed resistance, especially in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict.
It is established that the cultural legitimization of just war depends on the ideological context, dominant moral values, and social mobilization. Mass culture plays a significant role in shaping public perceptions of war, influencing the construction of enemy and hero images. It is noted that resolving conflicts requires a comprehensive approach, taking into account cultural narratives, religious motives, and social expectations.
It is proven that the concept of a just war is not merely a theoretical construct but a deeply rooted phenomenon in the cultural practices of society that evolves along with transformations in sociocultural orientations. From antiquity to the present, the concept of just war has undergone significant changes, yet it remains an important element of moral reflection on military conflicts in various societies.