PHILOSOPHICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE STUDY OF THE PHENOMENON OF FORGETTING

Abstract

The article discusses approaches to the study of the phenomenon of forgetting. The topic of memory studies was very popular in Ukraine after the collapse of the Soviet Union as a need to rethink the past.
It is revealed that the study of the phenomenon of forgetting is possible only in the context of the study of the phenomenon of memory, so the central method of studying the phenomenon of forgetting is hermeneutic. It is shown that the greatest contribution to the study of the phenomenon of forgetting was made by philosophers Plato, Augustine of Aurelius, Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, and Paul Ricoeur. It has been found that the phenomenon of memory and forgetting is also studied in sociology, political science, history, cultural studies, psychology, literary studies, and neuroscience. Memory researchers may very often have to choose whether to support the official ideological position of the state and society or to act against the official memory policy in the country and face repression from the state and society.
It has been found that memory studies is an interdisciplinary science, which complicates the formation of a single categorical apparatus and methodological approach. However, the interdisciplinary approach allows combining different fields of science to solve complex issues and explain science to people with a different worldview. Methodological contradictions should be resolved with the help of philosophy. The Ukrainian philosopher Khamitov Nazip showed that the development of methodological principles is traditionally carried out by philosophers. It is revealed that Ukrainian scholars have already made efforts to systematize the field, in particular by Ukrainian professor Alla Kyrydon.
It is substantiated that memory studies require a transdisciplinary methodological approach. This approach involves not only the interaction of various fields of science, but also non-scientific knowledge. The Ukrainian philosopher Liudmyla Shashkova points out that the transdisciplinary approach involves focusing on the problems and needs of non-scientific knowledge. Transdisciplinary groups are formed, in which the composition and methods may change depending on the potential research opportunities.