«AUFSTAND» AS A SPECIAL TYPE OF PHILOSOPHER’S PROTEST

Abstract

The truth of philosophical ideas related to the sphere of political power is tested by death, as in the example of Socrates, who demonstrated an «aufstand» at the trial — a special kind of philosopher’s protest that has nothing to do with the concept of protest in the sociological or political sense. Still, according to Plato, a philosopher, as the bearer of the Idea in the world of things, faces reality as a Platonic matrix of five forms of government, which change each other from better to worse. The philosopher, as the bearer of the Idea, acquires such a purity of mind within which the Idea, according to H. Hegel, can realize itself and, being immortal, can sacrifice the philosopher, on the example of Socrates, to penetrate the realm of things in one form or another. The presentation of the Platonic matrix of five forms of government in the form of a cycle with «aufstand» as a point of transition from tyranny to aristocracy is of practical use for predicting political processes in the world and corresponds to the principle of isonomy of Democritus within the framework of Anaximander’s cosmology regarding the unity of physical and political dimensions.