INCLUSION, DEMOCRACY AND POWER IN THE CONTEXT OF POLITICAL SUBJECTIVATION


DOI: https://doi.org/10.17721/2415-881x.2023.90.59-84

Mykola Karaschuk, Mykola Lipin

Abstract


The essence of politics as a conflict sphere of human existence is revealed. On the example of the concept of the political, K. Schmitt demonstrated the importance of the dilemma of inclusion/exclusion as fundamental to political life. The heuristic potential of the «friend-enemy» distinction for understanding the political and its characteristic attributes: publicity, conflict, and emergency are revealed. In the article, politics is defined as a revolutionary, groundless and distributed space for the joint realization of the human in man. It appears as a way of cultivating a free person. The anthropological dimension of politics allows us to reveal the logic of political subjectivation as an individualization of the universal. The purpose of the article is to study politics as a space of inclusion, in which political subjectivation is carried out through the individualization of the universal. The works of domestic and foreign authors were used to consider the problem raised in the article. The research is based on the principles of such methodological approaches as critical, interdisciplinary, systemic and comparative analysis, as well as on general scientific principles of objectivity and historicism. The potential of distinguishing between politics and the police as two forms of social existence is analyzed. If politics has as its consequence and result inclusion, the manifestation in public space of the presence and voice of the marginalized, then the police unfolds in a consensus-structured environment of power, identities, places and statuses. Inclusion is characterized as the essence of a political process, the task of which is to revise the foundations of beingamong-others and involve more people in the debate about the common good. A distinction is drawn between inclusion and integration. If the first is carried out as a political process, then the second is a consequence of depoliticization. Political inclusion is presented as a process of formation of a distributed unity, the configuration of distribution and the whole of which is the subject of a dispute, the conditions of which are ensured by democracy.

Keywords


politics; political; inclusion; exclusion; integration; democracy; human; political subjectivation; globalization; universal

References


Вauböck, R. (2018). Democratic Inclusion: Rainer Bauböck in Dialogue. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 307 р.

Lefort, C. (1988). Democracy and Political Theory; tr. by D. Macey. Cambridge: Polity Press, 295 р.

Dobson, A. (2010). Democracy and nature: Speaking and listening. Political Studies, Т. 58, no. 4, 752–768.

Aristotel. (2000). Polityka; per. z davnohr. ta peredm. O. Kysliuk. Kyiv: «Osnovy». 239 с. [in Ukrainian].

Arendt, X. (2002). Mizh mynulym i maibutnim; per. z anhl. V. Cherniak. Kyiv: «Dukh i litera», 321 с. [in Ukrainian].

Arendt, H. (2013). The Human Condition; introduction by M. Canovan. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago press, 370 p.

Schmitt, C. (2008). The Concept of the Political: Expanded ed. tr., introd., and notes by G. Schwab, M Konzen and John P. McCormick; with L. Strauss’ notes on Schmitt’s essay, tr. by J. Harvey Lomax; foreword by T. B. Strong. Chicago-London: University of Chicago Press, 126 р.

Mouffe, Ch. (2006). On the Political. London-New York: Routledge, 168 p.

Žižek, S. (2000). The Ticklish Subject: The Absent Centre of Political Ontology. London-New York: Verso, 409 p.

Rancière, J. (1999).Disagreement: Politics and Рhilosophy; tr. by J. Rose. Mlnneapollis-London: Unlversity of Minnesota Press, 145 p.

Rancière, J. (1995). On the Shores of Politics. tr. by L. Heron. London-New York: Verso,128 р.

Chambers, S.A. (2014). The Lessons of Rancière. Oxford University Press, 240 p.

Strauss, L. (2006). Notes on Carl Schmitt, The Concept of the Politicol. In Meier, H. Carl Schmitt and Leo Strauss: the Hidden Dialogue. / tr. by J. H. Lomax; foreword by Joseph Cropsey. Chicago-London: University of Chicago Press, 90–119.

Meier, H. (2006). Carl Schmitt and Leo Strauss: the Hidden Dialogue. / tr. by J. H. Lomax; foreword by Joseph Cropsey. Chicago-London: University of Chicago Press, 136 р.

Young, I. M. (2002). Inclusion and Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University press, 304 р.

Taylor, C. (2018). Democracy and its Exclusions Can modern states cultivate a shared identity space? Charles Taylor Posted. URL: https://www.abc.net.au/religion/democracy-and-its-exclusions/10467144

Calder, G. (2011). Democracy and Listening. In Problems of Democracy: Language and Speaking / M.‑A.Crumplin (ed. ). Oxford: Inter-Disciplinary Press, 125–135.

Limonchenko, V. (2022). Trahizm polityky yak osoblyvoho obrazu dii: perechytuiuchy Ransiera. Liudynoznavchi studii: zbirnyk naukovykh prats. Seriia «Filosofiia», no 45, 89–111. [in Ukrainian].

Dobson, A. Listening for Democracy: Recognition, Representation, Reconciliation by Andrew Dobson. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014, 224p.

Lyotard, J.F. (1984). The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. Tr. from the French by G. Bennington and B. Massumi Foreword by F. Jameson. Manchester: University Press, 144 р.

Lipovetsky, G. (2000). La era del vacío: ensayo sobre el individualismo contemporáneo; Tr. de J. Vinyoli y M. Pendanx. Barcelona: Anagrama, 221 с.

Castells, M. (2011). Communication Power. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 592p.

Castells, M. (2010). End of Millennium. Second ed. With a New Preface. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, 456 р.

Bauman, Z. (2003). The individualized society. Cambridge: Polity Press, 272 р.

Frankl, V. (2016). Liudyna v poshukakh spravzhnoho sensu. Psykholoh u kontstabori; per. z anhl. O. Zamoiska. Kharkiv: Knyzhkovyi klub «Klub Simeinoho Dozvillia», 160 с. [in Ukrainian].

Robertson, R. (2013). Hlokalizatsiia: chasoprostir i homohennistheterohennist. Hlobalni modernosti / za red. M. Fezerstoun, S. Lesh, R. Robertsona. Per z anhl. T. Tsymbal. Kyiv: Nika-Tsentr, 48–72. [in Ukrainian].

Nancy, J.-L., Engelmann, P. (2019).Democracy and Community; Trans. W. Hoban. Cambridge: Polity Press, 120 р.

Laclau, E. (2001).Democracy and the Question of Power. Constellations, Vol. 8, no l, 3–14.

Woznicki, K. & Nancy, J. L. (2009). Wer hat Angst vor Gemeinschaft?: ein Dialog mit Jean-Luc Nancy. Berlin: Diamondpaper, 222 s.

Nansy, Zh.-L., Mahun, A. & Tymofeeva, O. (2005). Vopros obshcheho y otvetstvennost za unyversalnoe /. URL:URL: https://chtodelat.org/b8-newspapers/12-66/as-subjects-we-always-come-in-last/ [in Russian].


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

The editorial board does not always share the position of the authors. The authors are responsible for the accuracy of the material presented.
All rights reserved.
© Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 2026