FOREIGN POLICY OF UKRAINE UNDER CURRENT CHALLENGES OF GLOBAL AND REGIONAL SECURITY

Foreign policy as one of the key areas for the functioning of sovereign states is designed to protect their national interests and promote maintenance of the welfare of the population. For Ukraine, such vectors of foreign policy as European, Euro-Atlantic, Eurasian, Middle Eastern, and Asian are traditionally important. One of the main vectors of Ukraine's foreign policy at the current stage is integration into the European Union. At the same time, an extremely important task for Ukrainian diplomacy is countering Russian aggression, protection of the population in the East of the state and in the Crimea and the soonest possible resolution of the conflict in the Donbas region. Consequently, this topic is of considerable interest, and it is worth examining in detail the current state of Ukraine's foreign policy, in particular, in view of the current challenges of global and regional security. Analysis of foreign and Ukrainian sources on this topic indicates the interest of researchers in matters of foreign policy of Ukraine, as well as international conflicts and their settlement. The purpose of this article is to study the current state of Ukraine's foreign policy in the context of the current challenges of global and regional security. Based on the analysis, it was determined that at the current stage there is sufficient potential for further development of Ukraine's foreign policy, in particular in view of the current challenges of global and regional security. On the basis of the analysis, one can arrive at conclusions that among the successes of Ukraine's foreign policy in recent years one can mention withstanding Russian aggression, introduction of a visa-free regime with the European Union, further deepening of cooperation within the framework of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement and deepening of Euro-Atlantic integration. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the effective use of the foreign policy resource to efficiently respond to the challenges of global and regional security. There are further prospects for research related to the effective resolution of international conflicts at the current stage.


Introduction
Foreign policy as one of the key areas for the functioning of sovereign states is designed to protect their national interests and promote maintenance of the welfare of the population. For Ukraine, such vectors of foreign policy as European, Euro-Atlantic, Eurasian, Middle Eastern and Asian are traditionally important. One of the main vectors of Ukraine's foreign policy at the present stage is integration into the structures of the European Union. At the same time, an extremely important task for Ukrainian diplomacy is confronting Russian aggression, protection of the population in the East of the country and in the Crimea, as well as the soonest possible resolution of the conflict in the Donbas region.
Consequently, this topic is of considerable interest, and it is worth examining in detail the current state of Ukraine's foreign policy, in particular, in view of the current challenges of global and regional security. Analysis of foreign and Ukrainian sources on this topic indicates the interest of researchers in matters of foreign policy of Ukraine, as well as international conflicts and their settlement. In particular, these questions were investigated by S. Shergin, G. Maksak, S. Korsunsky, M. Kulinich, G. Rudenko, S. Tolstov, L. Coser, G. Simmel, K. Boulding, I. Zhovkva, S. Kara, B. Markovska, O. Mikhailovskaya, V. Rybak, A. Rotfeld, V. Somov, A. Varenyk. Thus, the goal of this article is to study the current state of Ukraine's foreign policy in the context of the current challenges of global and regional security.

Methods
The research was conducted with the help of comparative and historical methods, as well as the method of content analysis. The comparative method allowed to see differences and similarities among various phenomena related to foreign policy and international security aspects. The historical method Refraining from threat of force or its use against the territorial integrity or political independence of any foreign state;

Results
Respect for the territorial integrity of foreign states and the inviolability of state borders; Resolving international disputes by peaceful means; Respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms; Non-interference in the internal affairs of states; Mutually beneficial cooperation among states; Faithful fulfillment of the international obligations; Priority of generally accepted norms and principles of international law over the norms and principles of national law; Use of the Armed Forces of Ukraine only in cases of acts of armed aggression against Ukraine; Usage of international sanctions, countermeasures and measures of diplomatic protection in accordance with international law in cases of international unlawful acts that cause damage to Ukraine, its citizens and legal entities; Timeliness and adequacy of measures to protect national interests against real and potential threats to Ukraine, its citizens and legal entities [6, p. 1].
A special component of foreign policy is foreign policy planning, which determines the foreign policy strategy and the choice of optimal, most effective ways to achieve the goal in the interests of the state [3, p. 53]. V. Markovska, among foreign policy and economy threats, mentions the dependence on imports of fuel and energy resources, as well as materials or equipment related to this area, critical dependence of imports or exports on the conditions of transportation, discriminatory measures of certain countries (by virtue of the monopoly position of suppliers of natural resources many countries introduce certain mechanisms, both for the defensive and aggressive stance, to avoid the impact of possible negative trends) [4, p. 155].
In this regards O. Mikhailovska comments: «The world economic system approaches the limits of natural resources utilization. Therefore, the simultaneous increase in the consumption of natural resources by all centers of economic development (attractors), as it was before the end of the twentieth century, became impossible. In the twenty-first century, the development of one attractor will only take place if a certain amount of natural resources is «taken away» from another attractor. Thus, in order to maintain world competitiveness, those attractors that have lost in a competitive struggle, are forced to resort either to a strategy of more efficient consumption of natural resources or they will not be able to progress quickly enough» [5, p. 163].
Regarding regional cooperation V. Somov and A. Varenyk note that Ukraine's integration with the European Union has been a priority of our country's foreign policy since gaining independence, but the transition to a new level of international economic relations requires a significant change in economic situation. Ukraine's relations with the countries of the Black Sea region are an important economic and political precedent in restructuring of the regional system of security and cooperation [9, p. 248]. S. Shergin states that the European integration idea in its original sense is based on overcoming nationalism as a cause of conflict in Europe. Subsequently, it was transformed into a guarantee of socio-economic growth and well-being [11, p. 176].
Analyst I. Zhovkva points out that it is rather difficult to classify Ukraine's relations of strategic partnership; however two main categories of existing strategic partners of Ukraine can be distinguished. The first one is the category of partners, relations with which were enshrined in politically and legally binding bilateral documents (declarations, statements, contracts). Nominally, this category includes six states (Poland, Russia, Uzbekistan, Bulgaria, Azerbaijan, the USA, Turkey, Brazil) [1, p. 39].
At the same time, it should be noted that the current relations with the Russian Federation are extremely complicated due to territorial and socio-economic contradictions. The second category of partners includes the countries whose relations were proclaimed in oral statements during bilateral visits. During certain periods there have been up to twenty such partnerships [1, p. 39].
As For the «Strategic Vision» indicator, the basis for analysis was as follows: the Law of Ukraine «On Fundamentals of Domestic and Foreign Policy», the National Security Strategy of Ukraine, the Military Doctrine of Ukraine, Strategy Ukraine-2020, Energy Strategy 2035, bilateral strategic agreements, action plans and corresponding operational plans, other concepts and strategies that can be adopted [10, p. 10].
For the «Results» indicator, the basis for the analysis was as follows: international agreements and memoranda concluded under relevant foreign policy direction, information on the activity of the In 2016 major political actors' interest in foreign policy was mainly focused on issues related to consolidation of international support for counteracting Russian aggression, certain aspects of international trade and foreign economic activity, the implementation of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, the implementation of the requirements of visa-free dialogue, cooperation with NATO and key foreign powers [10, p However, according to the authors of the study, it is necessary to note some selectivity in matters of Ukraine' foreign policy from the side of the main political actors. No political force at the level of official declarations or programs offered a systematic approach to foreign policy, formal affirmation of strategic priorities, strategies for certain areas of foreign policy [10, p. 16]. It was mainly focused on current urgent issues involving crisis management.
In 2016, the most coordinated areas appear to be European and Euro-Atlantic integration, as well as fighting against Russian aggression. The most tangible result of Ukraine's foreign policy efforts in view of international political context changes was keeping a single transatlantic stance on continuing pressure on the Russian Federation. In particular, during 2016 sanctions were extended and strengthened by the European Union, the United States, Canada, and other countries [10, p. 21]. This can be considered a result of joint efforts of the head of the state, government leaders, parliamentarians, diplomats and the public. But Ukrainian export in most areas continued to fall compared to 2015, with the addition of Russia's embargo on Ukrainian goods, as well as complication of transit through Russian territory to third countries [10, p. 21].
On the other hand, the dominant role of the European Union as the main trading partner has been consolidated, and Ukraine has mainly exported to the neighboring countries of Hungary, Romania and Poland [10, p. 21]. Outside the EU, the largest trading partners in the export of Ukrainian products were Egypt, Turkey, China, India, Belarus, Saudi Arabia [10, p. 21]. According to the study authors, the relations between Ukraine and Russia, the countries of Central Asia, China, Iran, Moldova were the least productive. The Ukrainian party also underperformed on issues related to the European Energy Community and climate change issues, even despite the ratification of the Paris Agreement (Climate Action) [10, p. 21].
Regarding the current socio-political situation in Ukraine and the continuation of the conflict in the East of the country, the former Polish Foreign Minister, A. Rotfeld, points out that attention must be paid to the potential of international organizations and that the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe may become a mediator in the conflict in Ukraine [8, p. 1]. Experts also draw attention to the need for an effective consolidated security policy in Europe among NATO, OSCE, CSTO and, to a lesser extent, GUAM [2, p. 1]. In this regard one should note NATO's cooperation with the European Union on settlement of the migration crisis, in particular, regarding monitoring of illegal migration in the Aegean region [7, p. 2].

Conclusions
Thus, it can be noted that at present, there is sufficient potential for further development of Ukraine's foreign policy, in particular, in view of the current challenges of global and regional security. On the basis of the analysis, one can arrive at conclusions that among the successes of Ukraine's foreign policy in recent years one can mention withstanding Russian aggression, introduction of a visa-free regime with the European Union, further deepening of cooperation within the framework of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement and deepening of Euro-Atlantic integration. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the effective use of the foreign policy resource to efficiently respond to the challenges of global and regional security. There are further prospects for research related to the effective resolution of international conflicts at the current period.